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Books : Of paradise and power

Of Paradise and Power 1. Prefer negotiation, diplomacy, and persuasion to force

2. Europe is moving to law, transnational negotiation, and cooperation.

3. Us view international laws and rules as unreliable and rely on military might. America sees the world divided between good and evil. America seeks finality in international affairs, problems solved, and threats eliminated.

4. Some Europeans viewed America as the place where reason and humanity might develop more rapidly than any where else. Americas foreign policy was suffuse with principles of enlightenment extolling the virtues of commerce and appealing to international law over force .

5. Europes empire is gone. Europe sees the world through the eyes of a weaker nation.

6. World war I debt forced Europe into a decades long dependency on American bankers.

7. In the 1920, Britain was convinced that France was a greater threat than Germany. By 1934, europe was put its faith in collective security creating the league of nations. The us senate rejected involvement in the league of nations. Collective security melt away under a military strong Germany and a policy of appeasement emerged. Diplomacy with German destroyed europe as a national power.

8. at the end of WWII Influential Americans were hoping Europe could establish itself as a third power-against soviet power allowing the us to withdraw. Instead, Europe became depend any on the us for security. Europe did not want the us to withdraw. Us nuclear umbrella provided Europe security. Europe was the theatre struggle between communism and capitalism. Europe was able to extend its influence and respect because of us aid. By 1992, the European union was a super power. Europe had peace keeping fight capability: Balkans, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Afghanistan, and Iraq.

9. Improvement in military technology made Americans more willing to goto war allowing the us military to become a forcible enemy at a distance. Whereas, Europe fought in close proxmity promoting their containment doctrine. Europe was unwilling to expand its military presence into strategic positions in soviet union. Europe liberal views expose them to security threats they consider tolerable. If you don't know how to fight, you don't know the risks of losing. European has not been capable of projecting is own security power, as a result it has become dependant on the US for security.

10. America provides the military security for European interests, at home and aboard. The US carries the costs for the protection and subsidizes the European financial markets as a result of historical protection against Soviet aggression.

11. Europe had withdrawn from the middle east and relied on the US military to security their interests in the region. Europeans relied on soft power an international relationships to gain influence. The US kept its policy of hard power, unilateralism, and projection of power. However, UN security council continues to bind the actions of the US by requiring consensus of its members.

12. America protects weaker nations from stronger nation aggression, in part.

13. American are concerned with with India and Pakistan confrontation, military growth of China, the Russian threat for Europe and nuclear weapon threats from Iran, North Korea, and Pakistan.

14. The Chicago Council on Foreign relationship showed that 61% of Americans were concerned with Islamic fundamentalism verses 49% from Europeans. Only 19% of Europeans were concerned about China military and economic development verses 56% of Americans .

15. Europeans did not share the same resolution support for the war on terrorism, as the Americans. 86% of American felt the terrorist threat was real.

16. In Kosovo, Britain contribute 4% of the aircraft and 4% of the munitions dropped. The US dominated the way the war was fought and decisive in the use of force. Europe never wanted to fight a war like Kosovo again.

17. America fought in the balkans war to preserve the European alliance, NATO cohension.

18. After the cold war, Europe was suppose to develop an independant military capability, a common European defense capability independant of NATO, but the effort failed.

19. Europeans could spend twice the money on military spending closing the power gap. Instead, European spend their money on social welfare programs and environmental projects. After the cold war, Europeans did not need power to acheive or preserve peace, the US provided it.

20. Integration start with France reintegrated with Germany. With the cold war gone, the fears of Soviet aggression were downplayed and the new European approach of diplomacy, negotiation, inducement, and compromise became more established. Europeans moved from confrontation to cooperation integration or the rule of law. European cooperation begins with economic cooperation then moves to integration. Europeans believe they have superior wisdom in global relationship and reconcilation efforts. European world criminal law stated, "all nations, strong and weak, are equal under the law and must abide by the law." Europe is not certain about Germany reunification and integration claims.

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