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Books : Decoding the Geometry of the Hopewell

1. The Newark Observatory Circle earthwork is over 1,000 feet in diameter and within five feet of being a perfect circle. 1054=1 OCD

2. The Baum Square is within 1% of being perfect right angles.

3. The Newark Fairground circle has a diameter of 1190 feet and a circumference of 2*Pi*590=3736.6 feet. The Newark square has a side length of 920 feet or a perimeter of 928x4=3712 feet. 3712/3736.6 is 99.357% equivalent. The circle and the square have the same perimeters.

4. If you compute the Hopeton Circle circumference 2*Pi*r where the diameter is 960 feet and the radius is 480 feet and reduce to a ratio of 1 =  Feet / 960=3.14 when normalized. For the Hopeton Square, one side is 957 feet. The diagonal=sqrt(957^2+957^2) =  / 957 = 1.4142 when normalized.

5. Ephraim G. Squier and Edwin H. Davis with the help of John Locke, James McBride, and Charles Whittlesey surveyed hundreds of ancient earthworks throughout eastern United States. In 1848, their findings were published in the Smithonsians “Contributions to Knowledge” series.

6. There are four fundamental relationships between the circle and the square: square containing the circle, Circle containing the square, square and the circle with equal perimeters, square and circle with equal areas.

7. The diameter of the Circleville Outer Circle is 1188 feet and the Circle Inner Circle diameter is 1056 feet. The Circleville square length is 841.5 feet with a diameter of 1188 feet. The diameter of the Circleville Large Circle is about the same length as the diagonal of the Circleville square. The Circleville square will fit within the Circle large circle. The same pattern is true for Milford, Works East, and Frankfort enclosures.

8. The Frankfort Earthworks decodes nicely. The small circles diameter is 760 feet. A square with a side of 760 feet fits within the Frankfort square rotated 45 degrees, with corners touching the midpoints. The Frankfort Square diameter is 1470 feet.

9. Equilateral triangles are used to create circles. A triangle base side is 852 feet fits in a seal circle. The seal circle diameter will be 1050 feet.

10. In the case of the Newark Octagon, a line extending from the alternate vertices of the Octagon is 1053 feet in length. Earthworks that incorporate 1053 foot unit of length: Baum Small Circle, Baum Square, Circleville Inner circle, Circleville Outer Circle, Fort Ancient, Frankfort Large Circle, Frankfort Small Circle, Frankfort Square, High Bank Circle, High Bank Octagon, Liberty Large Circle, Liberty Square, Marietta Large Square, Marietta Small Square, Newark Fairground Circle, Newark Observatory Circle, Newark Octagon, Seal Circle, Seip Large Circle, Seip Small Circle, Shriver Circle, Works East Large Circle, Works East Small Circle, Works East Square.

11. A first order enclosure earthwork has either its side or diameter equal to 1,053 feet within 1.2 percent. Circular enclosures with a diameter of 1053 feet are Seal, High Bank, and Newark observatory. Alternate vertices in the Newark Octagon equal 1053 feet.

12. Second order enclosures have some multiple of 1053 feet. The Marietta Large Square is 2 times the 1053 feet. The Liberty Circle is 5 times the 1053 feet.

13. Third order enclosures are derived from a square structure of 1053 feet on the side. The Works East small, Frankfort small, Baum small, and Seip small circle earthworks each have a diameter between 720 and 760 feet and are inscribed inside a square whose side is 1053 feet.

14. The fourth order enclosure starts with a circle, whose circumference is five units of 1053 feet. A square whose side is 1190 feet is inscribed and rotated 45 degrees. The resulting circle will have diameter equal to Circleville Outer Circle and Newark Fairground circle.

15. The Fifth order enclosure includes multiples of 1053 feet unit of length. The diagonal of Baum Square is 1589 feet and the diagonal of Liberty square is 1566 feet. If 1053 feet is divided by 2, it creates a length of 526.5 feet. 1589 feet is alittle over 3 times 526.5 feet.

16. Common sense tells us that 1053 foot unit of length was probably not the basic unit of measure. A more practice unit length would be helpful. The smaller unit of length would be 2.106 feet or 25.272 inches. 1053 is equal to 500 times 2.106 feet.

17. The post hole separation at Seip House 2 is precisely 12.6 inches or 1.053 feet, a normalized unit. 1.053 feet is a subunit of length. The basic Hopewell unit of length was 25.3 inches or 2.106 feet.

18. Cos A = (sin Delta - sin phe sin h)/(cos phe cos h) where A stands for the azimuth, h is the angular elevation of the horizon, phe represents the latitude of the site, delta is the declination of the sun or moon. The spherical coordinate system starts with orientation to the north, rotates to the east, and elevates to the position of the sun or moon.

19. The Sun Earthwork extends along a azimuth of 359 degrees from true north. Align a line from A to B and B to C we get the cardinal directions. The azimuth of the square enclosure from point A to B is 270 degrees. The east to west azimuth aligns with the rising and setting of the sun. The B to C is aligned with a true north-south axis. The axis is lined up with Cardinal directions, a balance between earth, sky, and earthworks.

20. Dunlap is aligned to Summer solstice (60.5 degrees - 60 degrees .00138)=.49862 difference.

21. Hopeton Square is aligned to summer solstice (301 degrees - 300 degrees .2576)=.7424 error

22. Hopewell is aligned to winter solstice (123 degrees .5) and horizontal evelation is 2 degrees .25.

23. The Newark circle and octagon were aligned to the moon’s maximum north rise position at 51 degrees .8

24. The Newark Fairground Circle is aligned to the Moon’s min north rise at 66 degree .6

25. Charnel houses = death = black = night = moon

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