1. The brain may not be as difficult to understand as previously thought. Instead, the problem may be it is too easy to understand.

2. Explanations may be highly acceptable without relevance to what is being explained.

3. Descriptions may reveal something that is not apparent and may be unfamiliar.

4. Words usually describe things or actions. A few words don’t describe things, but are helpful tools for dealing with words: multiplication, division, and additions (symbols)

5. Words represent information stored in the brain.

6. The brain’s bad memory feature provide for a computer computing function

7. Thinking has four types: natural, logical, mathematical, and lateral.

8. Systems do not have to be complicated or unintelligible

9. What happen in the brain are information and the way it happens in thinking. Thinking is the arrangement of information processed by brain and the restructuring of information to improve results.

10. Making use of the characteristics of the system can be used to improve performance or achieve some end.

11. Language, notion, mathematics are aids to thinking.

12. The brain has poor memory recall. The brain picks and chooses and alters information in what is called processing behavior, so what comes out is very different than what goes in.

13. Simple basic processes can be put together to give a system-complicated behavior, as the brain.

14. Some knowledge of the properties of the basic unit is required at each level of information form, but a detailed knowledge of the basic level does not yield any information about higher levels of organization. For example, nerves and synaptic connection detailed information does not give insight into notion and idea formation abstracts. If the units are too small, the functional description can not be described and if the units are too big, the description will be too broad for use at all. The perfect size is a unit big enough to be usable as an explanation but also capable of making predictions.

15. Once a model is constructed, it has a life and working of its own. With a model, you put the pieces together and learn from what happens. A model is a method of transferring some relationship or process from its actual setting to a setting where it is more conveniently studied. In a model, relationships and processes are preserved unchanged though the things that are being related may be changed. All models involve the transformation of relationship from their original setting into another. Once the transformation has been made, then the relationship within the model itself indicates what can happen.

16. A notion is model-building system. Basic principles are arranged and applied differently created a notion. Newton mathematics used Leibniz limits to explain areas under curves, and Newton symbol condensed Leibniz principles. Leibniz principles were still a part of Newton notion. A convenient notion may make possible the development of different ideas.

17. The mechanism model of thought does not prove a similar mechanism acts in the brain. The mechanism of thought may be useful because: 1. it is interesting to understand self-education and self-organizing passive system that is capable of effective information processing by means of a few basic operations 2. the system described is capable of “self”, “direction of attention”, “thinking”, “learning” and even “humor” removing the unique and magical fashion the brain operates. 3. The idea that there may be inbuilt errors in an information processing system may have a relevance to human thinking. 4. The system would offer a mechanical philosophy and be capable of organizing ideas.

18. By nature of the surface is meant all the processes and rules of behavior which taken together constitute a special universe. Anything that happens in the special universe happens according to its rules. The difficult thing is to realize that different universes have different rules of their own. The rules are determined by the organization of the system. People are the same, but the rules may be very different in different social universes. One needs to recognize the existence of special universes and learn their special rules of behavior.

19. Circular System Effects: 1. A weak battery that won’t start the car, if continually used will weaken the battery even further 2. Rich people get richer 3. Big newspapers get bigger 4. When people buy stocks during rising inflation, the prices rises as more people want to buy stocks and bonds in order to benefit from the rising prices. These are examples of positive feedback systems scenarios. If the first thing tends to get bigger the second thing will get bigger, (closed circle). The reverse is also true. If the first thing gets smaller the second thing will get smaller. If the first thing has an opposite effect on the second thing, the connecting line is interrupted as an open circle. Positive and Negative feedback circular systems can work side by side. Suppose an area has an abundance of good jobs then people will move in making it easier for others to follow; the increased flux of labor saturates the market and work prospect don’t look as good; the work opportunities decline and people move out of the area.

20. Emotion is the major source of variability on a special memory surface. Once the emotional aspect has taken charge, no increased amount of information will take over charge. The original pattern allows the channeling of emotion. Emotion in its broadest sense provides the sole mechanism of adaptation whereby more useful patterns may gain dominance. Emotion provides substance of self and individuality. Logical thinking would be impossible without emotion. Emotion is essential to information processing. A feeling is followed by rationalization and may be just as useful as sequential approach. Much of the surface memory information is internal patterns representing the needs and emotions of the body. Attention follows the area of activation or in other words the contours of the memory surface.

21. The area of activation on the memory surface is strictly limited and cannot exceed the given size. The limited attention area settles on the most active part of the memory surface or the part most frequently used. The individual is paying attention to one part of the total. The limited attention span has an advantage to the mind: a. much is left out and discarded as irrelevant. B. Something is selected and the ability to select is important. Selection means an emotional preference and the ability to act by choice.

22. Breaking things into fragments has an advantage. Fragments have mobility. Language consists of mobile fragments that can be strung together in different ways (mathematics, science, and measurement) are fragment processes.

23. The internally produced patterns of Pain and pleasure intrude on the pure memory surface and help to direct attention. Selection is based on usefulness and instead of familiarity. The memory surface no longer deals with information for its own sake but only in terms of its usefulness. “In terms of survival and adaptation this is essential.”